In the name of God, the Compassionate, the Merciful. From the Commander of the Faithful Harun al-Rashid to Nikephoros, dog of the Romans. You will not hear my reply — you will see it.

بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ ، مِنْ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ هَارُونَ الرَّشِيدِ إِلَى نِقْفُورَ كَلْبِ الرُّومِ

Harun al-Rashid

Politicians

Harun al-Rashid

Fifth Abbasid caliph (c. 763 - 24 March 809), reigning from September 786. Founded Baghdad's House of Wisdom, exchanged ambassadors with Charlemagne, became the hero of One Thousand and One Nights, but his 803 purge of the Barmakid family began the caliphate's disintegration.

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