The advancement and diffusion of knowledge is the only guardian of true liberty.

James Madison

Politicians

James Madison

Fourth U.S. president (1751-1836), known as the "Father of the Constitution" and the "Father of the Bill of Rights." He drafted the Virginia Plan that framed the 1787 Convention, co-authored The Federalist Papers (writing 29 of the 85 essays, including the canonical Nos. 10 and 51), and supplied the working theory of separation of powers that still organizes constitutional argument worldwide. As Jefferson's secretary of state he was the named defendant in Marbury v. Madison. As president he led the country into the War of 1812 and was forced to flee Washington as British troops burned the Capitol and the White House. He owned more than a hundred enslaved people across his lifetime and freed none in his will.

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